Philippines the Center of the Marine Fish Biodiversity free essay sample

Science The Philippines is the center of the marine fish biodiversity and the home of the most diverse marine ecosystem in the world in the study of two biologists Kent Carpenter and Victor Springer. The title of there is â€Å"The Center of the marine shore fish diversity: The Philippine Island,† we have are the center of the marine in the world and the former Environment Secretary Elisea Gozun said in her presentation of the status of the country’s coastal and marine resources at the Philippine Plaza Hotel in Pasay city. We must protect our marine ecosystem so that we can prove to the other country that we can also have a healthy marine that other countries can’t have. Second larges reef Most of the endemic species ar found in the Verde Island passage between Mindoro Island and the main island of Luzon We must improve our reef so that we can still have the second largest reef or the most largest reef on the world we must stop the dynamite fish on the other side of the Philippines so the we can have a healthy and large reef so that our marine species have a shelter to make them live long and to multiply and we will have a large marine. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines the Center of the Marine Fish Biodiversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most Threatened Save the coral reef stop destroying the corals and stop the muro-ami style of fish and also the dynamite fish it destroys the corals and the are disturbed and the others die because of the toxic that affect the fish and the other marine species. Do not cut the mangroves beside of the river or lake because fishes also live in there it is alright that we make some fish pond but not to much that we need to cut mangroves just to have a fish pond 70% of mangrove have lost because of converting them into fish pond. Compared to the other counties with similar coastal resources, the people in the Philippines doesn’t know how to use our coastal resources.

Chinese Civilization essays

Chinese Civilization essays Chinas Influential Transformation on World History What creates a civilization that constitutes a prominent and historical influence on world history? As time has proven it is leadership in government, economy, people, conquest, trade, and military power. There have been myriads of civilizations throughout the world since the beginning of time that have brought to this world vast global benefits of ingenuous ideas including; the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Among the most prominent countries which have produced countless numbers of technological advances, overcome structural fantasies, and displayed leadership and military capabilities within a broad scope of progress. Ancient China was seen as a land of immensely long distances and having unconquerable barriers which excluded them from other ancient civilizations; their closed door policy made their people believe they were the sole center of civilization. The easiest way to break down the Chinese civilization from the beginning of its creation is through the examination of dynasties. Chinas history covers over 11,000 years of history which, within the history of the world is significant. The dynasties measure changes in society over the different time periods which include the Early, Bronze, Classical, Age of Division, and the Early Medieval Period time periods. Chinese civilization started in 10,000 BCE when the Yangshao settled on the Huang He River. This was a small faming group consisting of small villages and archaic methods of living. Then the Lungshan people came around 3,000 BCE who were very highly developed in the ways of pottery, silk, building methods, and irrigation. The Shang and Chou dynasties begin to arise around 1700 to 250 BCE, this time was symbolized by advancement in jewelry, ancestor worship, intelligent military tactics, and many human sacrifices. Chinese rulers during this time started promoting the Mandate of Heaven. The...

Discussion Question 2 Week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 2 Week 7 - Assignment Example Another alternative distribution strategy is to talk with department stores and jewelry stores and offer the jewelries on consignment basis. One considers the above-mentioned distribution strategies as most effective for custom designed jewelry. It will reach the target market that one envisions to be. The distribution strategies for broadcast and cable TV, internet programming and advertisers all use the web to effectively distribute their products. Since almost all people worldwide use the internet, it would be best for these companies to use to their advantage the distribution strategy offered by e-commerce. Social networking sites are also utilized by some of these companies to distribute their products. These strategies might converge through partnerships with other distribution outlets available in the internet. Having their own websites is a valuable distribution strategy that companies in high-technology industries can use. Through these websites, they can better sell their products and services because they can explain in detail the technology and processes involved in their

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics - Essay Example And to manufacture them in a socially responsible way† (IKEA Services, 2004). Locally and globally the company does not hesitate to declare its devotion to values like trust, integrity and honesty. Another plausible statement can be found in IKEA’s Code of Conduct, the IWAY Standard (IKEA Supply, 2008). It is firmly stated there that â€Å"we can do good business while being a good business†. Thus, within the business environment and activities of the company one can find ethical messages like â€Å"better living† and â€Å"socially responsible way† while in its ethical code (the IWAY) the message is about being and doing a good business. The IWAY is based on international conventions and declarations like the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Fundamental Principles of Rights at Work, ILO declaration (1998), the Rio Declaration on Sustainable Development (1992) and the Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact (2000). Marcoux (2008) agrees that a â€Å"common approach in international business ethics is to refer to or to construct lists of norms that ought to guide transnational business conduct†. ... ) diversifies these principles by adding the features of a duty-driven ethical system to the code of ethics Following IKEA’s business operating network structure the IWAY is a Code of IKEA directly with its suppliers (contractors). It is about what a supplier should do in the right way. Suppliers are responsible for communicating the content of the IKEA code of conduct to sub-contractors and workers. Relations to applicable law and regulations are at the core center of the subject. Workers or as Ikea familiarly calls them â€Å"co-workers† and managers are not directly addressed. Trade unions are only mentioned, while nothing is related to civil groups and voluntary organization and to religious topics. The development of a company’s code of ethics can be motivated by the sole requirement of life and human experience or by personal moral values and national cultural traditions. Working in favor of social responsibility can be a basic value in the behavior of grou ps and individuals. Prior to the current state of affairs Friedman in his article â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits† (1970) rigorously raises a discussion on the topic of the "social responsibili ­ties of business". He argues that social responsibilities are of the individuals and not of the business. There he reminds about his book â€Å"Capitalism and Freedom† (1962), where the author postulates that "there is one and only one social responsibility of business–to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits". Amazingly contrasting to this position appear IKEA’s guiding principles for working in the interest of the child, the worker and the environment. Implementation of a Code of Conduct may be driven by international agreements and by

CASE STUDY ON HAITIAN CULTURE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ON HAITIAN CULTURE - Case Study Example However, Haitians are proud of their history and tradition but majority of them are undergoing rapid change as they integrate into the global community. Their culture still applies to those who even migrated to the United States. In summary, the paper attempts to look at cultural views of homosexuality in Haiti as well as identifying culturally congruent strategies to address in designing of HIV prevention in the Haiti community. In addition, it will briefly discuss reaction of Ronald parents regarding his HIV status. Expressions of homosexuality are not accepted by society outside of certain culture and religious rites such as Carnival among the Haitian community. Haitian Creole reflects common attitudes towards homosexuals. There are, however, significant variations in attitudes, based in large measure on religious conviction. Evangelical Protestant denominations, citing scriptural passages they interpret as prohibiting homosexuality, tend to be least tolerant, often excluding openly homosexual men and women from their congregations. The Catholic Church has a somewhat more subtle approach. They condemn homosexual practices, but tolerating the presence of homosexuals in religious ceremonies, and calling on the faithful, not to mistreat them (World Health Organization, 2010, pp. 5-21). The response from Ronald parents’, if they were religious, to his HIV status would have vacillated a moderate stand of finger-pointing and blame him. This is, as a result of, being tradition and religious. They would stick to the idea of sex being holy and having its rightful place in marriage, and of course only between a man and a woman. In defense of their stance, however, it can be argued that Ronald deviation from this ideal led to HIV infection (Desilva, Grey & Gonzalez, 2009, pp. 70-77). When designing counseling and prevention program for the Haitian community and its population, it is important to note that best practices in counseling would

Healthy Food Options for College Students

Healthy Food Options for College Students Priya Gunasekaran Purpose Statement/ Research questions The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of college students living arrangements (independent variable) of food consumption (dependent variable), based on a college campus (the research site). Fruits and vegetables vs processed foods (control variable) focuses on modifying college students dietary intake and preferences in dining halls. The independent variable(s) living arrangements was defined as college students living in residential halls, living in a rented apartment (off campus), and living with their family. (El Ansari et al., 2012; Laska et al., 2010; Ridell et al., 2011). The dependent variable(s) will be food consumption defined as measuring the amount of foods consume through meals. (El Ansari et al., 2012). The control and intervening variable(s), fruits and vegetables (identify the control and intervening variables) will be defined as the daily average intake serving of fruits and vegetables consumed. Boek et al., 2012; El Ansari et al., 2012; Graham et al. , 2013; ODonnell et al., 2014; Yeh et al., 2010 ). This study will contribute to enhancing healthier food options for college students as well as to meet their nutritional needs. Also, a food frequency survey will be utilized to access how often do college students consume healthier options vs processed food based on their living arrangements. Research Questions Does living arrangement impact college students food consumption on healthier foods vs processed foods at campus dining halls? Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between choosing processed foods or healthier foods in college students food consumption based on living arrangement. Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference between choosing processed foods or healthier foods in college students food consumption based on living arrangement. Hypothesis: College students with better food consumption are likely to consume more fruits and vegetables than processed foods that are unhealthy. Descriptive Questions 1. How does living arrangement affect college student food choices? 2. What are the factors that influence food consumption on college students? 3. How do college students rate on fruits and vegetable consumption vs processed foods based on their living arrangements? Inferential Question 1. How does food consumption depend on living arrangements on college students? 2. Does the consumption of fruits and vegetables help college student make smart, healthy food choices than choosing processed foods? References Boek, S., Bianco-Simeral, S., Chan, K., Goto, K. (2012). Gender and Race are Significant  Determinants of Students Food Choices on a College Campus. Journal of Nutrition  Education and Behavior, 44372-378. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22607739 Boucher, D., Gagne, C., Cote, F. (2015). Effect of an intervention mapping approach to  promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables among young adults in junior college:  A quasi-experimental study. Psychology Health, (11), 1306. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970738 El Ansari, W., Stock, C., Mikolajczyk Rafael, T. (2012). Relationships between food  consumption and living arrangements among university students in four European  countries A cross-sectional study. Nutrition Journal, Vol 11, Iss 1, P 28 (2012), (1), 28.  Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420253/ Fernandes, A. C., de Oliveira, R. C., Rodrigues, V. M., Fiates, G. R., da Costa Proenà §a, R. P.  (2015). Perceptions of university students regarding calories, food healthiness, and the  importance of calorie information in menu labelling. Appetite. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25865662 Graham, D. J., Pelletier, J. E., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Lust, K., Laska, M. N. (2013). Research:  Perceived Social-Ecological Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing,  Preparation, and Consumption among Young Adults. Journal of The Academy of  Nutrition and Dietetics, 1131366-1374. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23958116 Laska, M. N., Larson, N. I., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M. (2010). Dietary patterns and  home food availability during emerging adulthood: do they differ by living situation? Public Health Nutrition, 13 (2), 222-228. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931267/   ODonnell, S., Greene, G. W., Blissmer, B. (2014). The Effect of Goal Setting on Fruit and  Vegetable Consumption and Physical Activity Level in a Web-Based Intervention.  Journal of Nutrition Education Behavior, 46 (6), 570-575. Retrieved from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24857600   Riddell, L. J., Ang, B., Keast, R. S., Hunter, W. (2011). Research report: Impact of living  arrangements and nationality on food habits and nutrient intakes in young adults.  Appetite, 56726-731. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21349307   Yeh, M., Matsumori, B., Obenchain, J., Viladrich, A., Das, D., Navder, K. (2010). Validity of  a Competing Food Choice Construct regarding Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among  Urban College Freshmen. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42 (5), 321-327.  Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655281  

sports psychology Essay example -- essays research papers

Sports is by far one of the fastest growing past times in the United States (Rainer 1987). Even if people don't take it to the professional level, sporting events are happening in our backyards, and at all of our local schools around the country. With the growing popularity and the increasing competitiveness of the sports, it will take more than just a physical advantage to compete at the highest level. This is where the psychology of sports comes into play. Goal setting is a hugely powerful technique that can yield strong returns in all areas of an athlete’s life. At its simplest level the process of setting goals and targets allows people to choose where they want to go in life. By knowing what a person wants to achieve, they know what they have to concentrate on, and what is merely a distraction. Goal setting gives long-term vision, and short-term motivation. By setting goals the athlete can achieve more, improve performance, improve the quality of the training, increase the motivation to achieve, increase pride and satisfaction in their performance, and improve their self-confidence (Bull, 1983).Research (Bull, 1983) has shown that people who use goal-setting effectively suffer less from stress and anxiety, concentrate better, show more self-confidence, perform better, and are happier with their performance. The way in which an athlete sets his goals strongly affects their effectiveness. Before setting goals, the athlete should have set the background of goal setting by understanding their commitment to sports, understanding the level they want to reach within the sport, knowing the skills that will have to be acquired and the levels of performance that will be needed, and know where this will fit into their overall life goals. The following broad guidelines apply to setting effective goals. Positive statements, be precise, set priorities, write goals down to avoid confusion and give them more force, and keep operational goals small (Rainer, 1987). "Your body is a beautifully evolved sporting machine, comprising, among other things, muscles that can be trained to a peak of fitness and nerves that control the muscles" (Morris 1992). The nerves are massively linked in an athlete’s brain: vast numbers of nerve cells are linked with a hugely greater number of interconnections. Many of th... ...in negative thinking (Bull 1983). The athlete needs mental energy to be able to concentrate their attention and maintain good mental attitudes. If the athlete is concentrating effectively then the athlete can conserve physical energy by maintaining good technique when their muscles are tired. The athlete can waste mental energy on worry, stress, fretting over distractions, and negative thinking. Over a long competition, these not only damage enjoyment, but also drain energy so that performance suffers. It is therefore important to avoid these by good use of sports psychology, and by resting effectively between events and by ensuring that the athlete sleep properly. Sports psychology is a relatively new idea and just now it is becoming more of a normal thing rather than something only pro athletes do. The study of the mind and how it relates to sports is a beneficial thing that even our own school uses to help improve performance. Over the last two years our Varsity and JV boys basketball team has used a sports psychologist from Boulder two or three times during the year. Sports psychology is no longer looked down upon, it is now a legitimate practice.

Critical Thinking Case Study Essay

Describe all assumptions you see in any documents. Kelly Thomas – Senior Engineer, Product Development1. Assumed AcuScan’s customers would not be happy with just anything developed and launched. 2. Assumed Pat did not have any technology experience previous job in the cereal industry. 3. Assumed Pat was talking to the programmers without Kelly’s knowledge or consent. 4. Assumed Pat wanted to continue arguing on email. Pat Lambert – Director of Marketing1. Assumed the customer would be happy with anything launched on the market from AcuScan2. Assumed programmers could work in the new launch. 3. Assumed a new product launch would be simple to achieve. 4. Assumed that Kelly Thomas would go along with her regarding the â€Å"Operation Optimize†5. Assumed that the â€Å"Operation Optimize† could be launched in 6-months6. Assumed that meeting with Kelly Thomas in person would rectify the situation. Cliff O’Connor – CEO1. Assumed Pat’s work ethic and experience in previous job will automatically benefit the firm and reach AcuScan’s target market. 2. Assumed the staff would not have any communication or personnel issues. 3. Assumed there would be a budget crisis. Chris Martinas – VP, Product Development1. Assumed that it would not take much time to produce and launch a new product. 2. The potential return for first year would outlay with substantial ROI. THE CONFLICT2) Explain the arguments made by each of these people. Kelly Thomas argued that the new product features could not be developed ‘just like that’ and was detailed with planning, testing and quality control and could long make the features completely work by August. Kelly also stated that since the layoff two years ago, and 25% fewer programmers, they do not have the time or manpower for the product successfully to launch in time. Pat Lambert argued that ‘Retail’ is the answer instead of airports and store security for the new iScanner product to enable retailers to identify incoming customers, with several high-tech features can be developed as a prototype by August and at one point Kelly admitted to it not being a problem to make the iScanner market-ready in time. Chris Martinas argued that Secur-A was, AcuScan’s competition was working on a new product so AcuScan needs to expand into a different market and launch a new product by early 2004 or Secur-A would be on the top of the market. Cliff O’Connor argued that even though AcuScan was facing budget dilemma’s they can find a way to launch the new iScanner. 3) Evaluate each argument. a. Kelly Thomas – Kelly’s argument was logical mostly due to the fact he used the numbers and man hours from the first iScanner launch and he did not want to jeporize his and AcuScan’s reputation by throwing together a flimsy product launch. b. Pat Lambert – Pat’s idea on launching a new product in a new market was a positive one, in fact, a great marketing strategy to be the first company on the market with a new product to get ahead of competition. c. Chris Martinas – Chris does realize that to gain and maintain their  targeted market, a budget deficit would need to be put in action because he believes it is important to have a product launch in a new market. d. Cliff O’Connor – Although Cliff’s argument deems logical, it becomes unbeknownst there are major budgetary issues with AcuScan and to launch the iScanner correctly, there are many other decisions that need to be involved, this may include more lay-offs. Cliff is basing the fact that this new launch in a ‘new’ market will take minimal cost in time and money because AcuScan has done it in the past. 4) Describe specific fallacious arguments, and identify the people who hold them. Pat had a fallacious argument by stating that since other staff members had been with the company longer than Pat, they had a great deal invested in the company and knew what they had to accomplish in order to get a new product off and running. Chris made a fallacious argument about the company being on top again if the company developed a new product. But the since it is unknown, there is no evidence or research at this point the company cannot be certain of this fact. II: CONCLUSIONS1. Describe all problems in this situation. 2. For each problem, describe the data, arguments, and reasoning that contribute to each problem. AcuScan was faced with many problems trying to produce and launch their new iScanner. One main issue was the fact of AcuScan was planning to develop a new product when the company was already facing budgeting issues. Another problem was the staff at AcuScan not meeting face-to-face; instead they relied mainly on email to correspond with one another. Brainstorming, marketing product launches, and budgeting meetings could have benefited the staff and issues could have been handled different and resolved. Cliff, the  CEO should have taken initiative and interjected about the major communication issue the staff was having with one another. Use your reasoning to complete the worksheet below. 3. What is the underlying problem that is the base cause of the conflict within the company?The underlying problem that caused the majority of the issues at AcuScan was the lack of communication between department staff members which resulted in fallacious emails, snide, unnecessary comments which led to lack of production. 4. Alternative solutions. Due to the budgetary issues that were upon AcuScan, instead of a complicated new product launch, expanding the iScanner into industries such as hospitals, colleges and even government offices instead of expanding the new iScanner into the retail environment where the complicated launch requires many additional features is a possible solution, while keeping the idea for the retail industry on the shelf for future product launches. 6. Which solution will you recommend to the CEO? Why? Since both solutions are important, I would mention both to the CEO. Since communication is the backbone of an organization, I would bring up that issue first. Part II: Executive Summary1. Purpose and ScopeThe purpose of this summary is to analyze the issues on launching the new iScanner from AcuScan and rectify any facts pertaining to the potential launch. The scope includes various communications between colleagues and issues that resulted from that dialog. In conclusion the problems will be stated, solutions formulated and recommended results to rectify these problems will be discussed. 2. Summary of the SituationThe conflict between several key persons at AcuScan is hindering the growth of the firm and is causing havoc in receiving positive results for this potential new product launch. Secur-A, AcuScan’s, main competitor is only 4 months from launching their new product so it is believed to be absolutely essential to the survival of AcuScan to  beat them to market with a successful product as well. 3. Key PointsPat Lambert – the new director of Marketing, and Kelly Thomas – chief of the software development team, cannot agree on the length of time and the number of programming hours it will take to bring the new product to market. Kelly states that even with current staffing levels, they do not have the time or manpower to launch a new product the correct way. Pat’s states that a prototype can be built within the timeframe and budget however, neither Pat nor Kelly can compromise. Chris Martinas – VP of Product Development believes that Pat and Kelly can work out their differences together. Chris does not quite understand the magnitude of programming involved with this launch though. ConclusionsAs a result of fallacious emails to one another regarding the new product launch for Pat Lambert and Kelly Thomas both feel alienated and find it hard to compromise on the new iScanner Retail Project. The fallacious emails between Kelly and Pat are regarding their disagreement about the capabilities of the software design team and the man-power to create programming for all the features in the new iScanner. Pat is not quite experienced in dealing with software programmers, their processes and requirements. Pat and Kelly’s emails result in emotional and defensive and inability to listen to each other and cooperate on the new iScanner launch so it does not happen. Conclusion and RecommendationsIn many cases, conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. Many have seen situations where different people with different goals and needs have come into conflict. And we have all seen the often-intense personal animosity that can result. The fact that conflict exists, however, is not necessarily a bad thing: As long as it is resolved effectively, it can lead to personal and professional growth. In many cases, effective conflict resolution skills can make the difference between positive and negative outcomes. The good news is that by resolving conflict successfully, you can solve many of the problems that it has brought to the surface, in addition to getting benefits that you might not at first expect:My recommendation would be to get Pat, Kelly, Chris and Cliff into a room for a face-to-face meeting. The point of this is to increase the understanding which is needed to resolve conflict and it expands people’s awareness of the situation, giving them an insight into how they can achieve their own goals without undermining those of other people. Additionally, if is resolved effectively, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed faith in their ability to work together; and after allowing a brief period of venting, the meeting can be called to order. At this point I would recommend that all emotion be excluded from the communication process, so that the first of many beneficial and productive brainstorming sessions can begin. Another thing I would recommend is to re-vamp the iScanner launch so the product launch is conducive to the budget and to better fit the company’s abilities. For instance, instead of launching a complicated product, possibly expand the current iScanner into other industries such as hospitals, colleges and the government, while adding possibly one or two features. The iScanner retinal scanner will perform the same functions as its current version with possibly one or two new features to keep within the company’s budget. Keeping the expansion of the ‘Retail’ iScanner idea on the backburner to launch in a year or two but after Secur-A launches their product. Reference Apollo Group (2003). UOP Assessment. Retrieved 4/19/08, from https://mycampus.phoenix.edu

WWI BLAMES GERMANY essays

WWI BLAMES GERMANY essays Throughout history, the loser had always been the ultimate evil, especially in a world war, in Germanys case. However, it is true that Germany did have responsibilities of starting the war, although she was not the one who sparked initial dispute. She was taking part in the imperialistic game, which made other overseas empires. She was building an enormous navy, which irritated wanted to maintain the 2 power standard. She was rising economically and which also antagonized the great powers of Europe. The attitude of Kaiser was a factor. Her growing powers and allies forced Britain to join the French and Russians to balance out the power. Finally, when Germany signed the blank Austria, which backed Austria up to do what he otherwise wouldnt do, caused spark of the Great War. The Schlieffen Plan also caused the outbreak of the Germany to declare war on France, who then was still neutral, and to step on soil, land which Britain swore to protect. ...

w 2 Vietnam Essays

History c/w 2 Vietnam Essays History c/w 2 Vietnam Essay History c/w 2 Vietnam Essay There are many factors which came together to explain why the US withdrew its forces from Vietnam in 1972. In the short term the US withdrew because the conditions in 1973 were right and Nixons election campaign was approaching. 1973 was a good year for both parties to pull out of the war as peace terms had been agreed by both sides. Linked to these short-term factors were long term factors, which included financial, social and military reasons. All these long-term term factors had been gradually becoming worse running up to 1973. For example by the end of the war, it was costing $30 billion every year to continue fighting the war, also people t home and even the soldiers in Vietnam had, had enough and many wanted to see the end of the war.A long-term reason why the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973 is their failure to win the war. I say they failed to win to war as, in1973 at the time of the withdraw, they werent winning.There were many reasons why the US was losing. The first reason why they were losing was due to the tactic being used by both sides. The US had a huge army with modern weapons, whilst in contrast the Vietcong had a small army with old weapons. In this respect the US were by far superior to the Vietcong.However the Vietcong were used to fighting in the jungle environment of Vietnam. The Vietcong gained these skills when they defended Vietnam from the French after WWII to keep it from the French empire. The Vietcong guerrilla tactics became more advanced over time as the Vietcong learnt how to use them against their enemy. The Vietcong used booby traps, such as Charlie sticks and trip wires. They also used to ambush the US troops and then disappear again.The US used totally different tactics; they used a huge bombing campaign as their main tactic. In fact the campaign was so large more weight of bombs was dropped during the Vietnam War than during the whole of the entire Second World War. However conventional bombs didnt d estroy the forest, in which the Vietcong hid, which is what the US needed to do. To destroy forest the US used Napalm, but Napalm didnt only burn forest and soldiers but it also killed civilians.The US were used to urban warfare and not jungle warfare, whilst on the other hand Vietcong used to jungle warfare not urban warfare.This important and decisive difference was shown most clearly during the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive was where North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam. This took the fight to the South Vietnamese army in the towns and populated areas and out of the jungle. In this offensive the Vietcong were out classed by superior US firepower. This huge defeat against the Vietcong caused morale amongst the Vietcong army to fall.However the Vietcong soldiers werent the only ones with low morale, the US also had low morale amongst the solders, which was due to the jungle warfare and tactics. There were other causes for the low morale. One of the other reasons were drugs, as th ere were drugs circulating around the camps. The second reason is fragging. Fragging is where soldiers shot their officers, the soldiers did this because the officers wanted to see action in the war in order to help there careers, however the soldiers wanted to see as little action as possible as this made it more likely that theyd get home safely. This wouldve made the US withdraw form Vietnam because you cant fight a war where soldiers have low morale, as the soldiers dont want to fight. In fact the soldiers didnt want to fight so much that they ended up shooting their officers to prevent them from fighting.The low morale amongst the US troops was worsened by the fact that the US troops didnt know what they were fighting for any more. This view came about when the US troops realised that they had no support from the South Vietnamese peasants. The soldiers understood that they had been sent into Vietnam to protect the South Vietnamese people, from North Vietnam and the communism th at the North wished to impose upon the South Vietnamese people. However the soldiers asked themselves why they were trying to prevent this, since it was clear that most of the South Vietnamese people wanted to become communism. The fact that the soldiers didnt know what they where fighting for and that the south Vietnamese people wanted to be communist wouldve made the US withdraw from Vietnam in 1973. This is because now their justifications and reasons for the war didnt exist as the US troops were fighting for a country whos residents resented the presence of the US troops, due to the fact that they wanted to become what the US were trying to prevent.This failure or inability to win the war had severe effects back at home in the US.For the first real time in history a war could be seen back home on the news. These clips and footage of the war were uncensored, unlike the clips of WWII. This meant that people not only saw the successes and failures of the US army, but they also saw the horrors of the war. All these pictures of horrors of the Vietnamese war had their own impact on the US people. As more people began to see how bad the war was, the more people there were attempting to avoid it, the most famous of these people was Muhammad Ali, the boxer, who refused to fight in Vietnam when his draft letter came through. These people were called draft dodgers. These people were called this because they attempted to avoid the draft, which was a letter, which came through the post telling you that you had to serve a tour of duty, which was one years service in Vietnam. There were many ways in which people could avoid the draft; if you were a teacher, lifeguard, in the police force or if you were in the fire service were among the ways in which you could avoid the draft. Another way people attempted to avoid the draft was to burn the letter when it came through the post.On March 16th 1968, just South of Khe Sahn an American patrol approached My Lai. The battle for Khe Sahn and the Tet offensive were still raging. The patrol entered the village and killed 347 men, women and children. Some of the women had been raped first. Other reports say that the number of dead stands at over 500 innocent people. The My Lai massacre changed opinion in the US because it showed the atrocities of the war and what was really happening over in Vietnam. Also the massacre showed that Americans werent always the good guys, as here they are murdering innocent people. Some were now wondering how true it is that the Americans are the good guys if their soldiers were responsible for massacres like My Lai. However My Lai wasnt an isolated incident as the picture of the suspected Vietcong was shot by an American without a trail. When the picture reached the US it looked like the execution of a man who hadnt been tried.All this and the horrors of the Tet offensive made the Americans back home question why there were US soldiers fighting and ultimately dying in Vietnam.Pic tures and events like My Lai caused lots of unrest amongst the US people. This unrest was shown through riots, marches and protests, which went ahead all over America. These demonstrations gave rise to the hippy movement, which favoured peace and love instead of war. One example of these protests is the Ohio university demonstration in which students were expressing their views when the US National Guard opened fire on the protesters killing some of them. Therefore because of the war Americans were killing Americans, which wouldve made the US withdraw from the war as this shows how bad people, thought the war was.On the other hand the media was concentrating on the war and these demonstrations, which meant that the Civil Rights Movement lost its interest amongst the media. Therefore the Civil Rights Movement lost press interest and people became more interested in the war.This point leads me onto the racially related reasons why the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973. The black commun ity were unhappy with the war because proportionally more blacks were being sent to Vietnam than any other social or ethnic group. This would have made the black community unhappy with the Vietnam War because it wouldve meant more blacks were being sent to Vietnam than were supposed to be.We can tell that some blacks were upset because martin Luther king made a speech in which he expressed his view that he was concerned that the black US soldiers were being sent over to Vietnam. They were being sent in order to fight for a sense freedom for the Vietnamese people, which they do not even have for them selves. Still in todays world proportionally more blacks are in the US army than any other ethnic group.This wasnt the only reason the black community had to be upset about; Johnsons great reform was cut back. The aim of the great reform was to end racial segregation and inequality in the US. The combination of all the social and racial reasons would have made the US withdraw from Vietna m, as the pressure on the government from the black community and the civil rights movement would have been immense. Also many people felt the war was pointless and more than good was coming from it.Another reason why the US people would have been unhappy with the war was that no new public buildings were being built. For example no new schools, hospitals, swimming pools etc were being built.These public buildings werent being built due to the fact that the government spending had been cut to fund the war effort. Therefore the US public were suffering direct effects of the Vietnam War, which they wouldnt of liked, making them opposed to the war. The government had to cut their spending on the public buildings because the war was draining funds. In fact the war cost $120 billion overall and by the end of the war it was costing $30 billion per year. Cost however isnt only measured in money; the cost can also be measured in human lives. An estimate at the end of the war stood at 58,132 US people lost their lives in Vietnam and many more were injured.The cost of the war wouldve made the US withdraw from Vietnam because the financial cost of the war was severely denting the US economy and the US were keen to pull out so that they could save money. The death toll on the US people was getting to high.So far I have only explained the long-term reasons why the US withdrew from Vietnam. On top of that I have given general reasons for why the US withdrew from Vietnam but the question asks why in 1973. To answer this part of the question there are a selection of short-term reasons. The first of these short-term reasons was presidential elections. Nixon wanted to stay in power for another four years and to do this he had to win the presidential elections in November 1972. To win Nixon knew he had to quit the war. This is because in the 1968 elections president Johnson decided not to stand at the elections because of the war. Nixon won the elections by promising to pull US troops out of the war, so to fulfil his promise he had to show that US troops were leaving or were on the verge of leaving. If Nixon didnt sign a peace treaty and exit the war there was no way he would be able to win the elections. Therefore one reason why the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973 was because president Nixon wanted to win the next election and he knew pulling out was the only way he could win the elections.The fact that Nixon wanted peace was helped by the fact that the North Vietnamese were willing to agree peace terms with the US. To put pressure on the North Vietnamese government the US began a huge bombing campaign so that the North would submit to US demands. The campaign was massive; more bombs were dropped in the 11 days of this campaign than there had been in the rest of the Vietnam War. Eventually peace terms were agreed which included a cease-fire between both sides, US troops would leave within 60 days of this cease-fire, elections would be held in the South t o choose a new government. Also in the terms was that all US Prisoners Of War would be freed, and there were almost 700 of these. This term let Nixon partly achieve his peace with honour idea that the US would withdraw from Vietnam without total surrender.However not everyone was happy with these terms, Thieu, president of South Vietnam, was upset by the terms of the cease-fire because he believed the terms would leave south Vietnam at the mercy of the North Vietnamese. He knew that the terms would ultimately lead to the end of South Vietnam as the North would invade the south and the North would easily win. Nixon overcame this by telling Thieu that if he didnt sign the agreement then the US would sign it without him, Thieu was forced to sign it. This wouldve contributed to the US withdrawing from Vietnam in 1973 as they signed the peace treaty on 27th January 1973, which meant they could now withdraw as they had signed a peace treaty with the North.Nixon could now withdraw from Vie tnam, but if he simply just pulled all US troops out of Vietnam in one go then the South Vietnamese army would be easily beaten by the Vietcong. So what Nixon proposed to do was to introduce Vietnamisation, which was where US troops gradually withdrew from Vietnam and at the same time US troops would train up the South Vietnamese army so that they could carry on fighting the war once the US had left.In 1971 the US approved an invasion of Laos by South Vietnam, which was aimed at blocking the Ho Chi Minh trail, which was the main supply route to the Vietcong. US had been bombing the trail since 1964 but these were the first ground forces. After six weeks the South Vietnamese withdrew, almost 50% of the soldiers were killed or wounded. This huge failure by the south Vietnamese army proved to many that the south Vietnamese couldnt stand up to the Vietcong without the US. Due to this invasion the North Vietnamese felt that vietnamisation would be a good thing because they realised that the South Vietnamese army would be easy to defeat once the US withdrew from Vietnam.I have explained why the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973. The reasons for this ranged from racial reasons to the presidential elections of 1972. All these reasons fell into two categories: long term and short term reasons. These categories can be explained like a football game. The build up to a goal is the long-term effect of a goal, whilst the short-term effect of a goal is the shot. I have considered the significance of the reasons and concluded that factors working together have led to the point where the US feels they have to withdraw from Vietnam. However I have I felt the timing of the withdraw was significant. I say this because of the elections which where approaching. Nixons main reason to withdraw was that he wanted to win another session in power. Nixon also felt that these elections were a point where the US could move on from the Vietnam War. These facts therefore raise the question th at would the US have withdrew from Vietnam that year if there werent any elections?My view on this is that I believe they wouldnt have withdrawn from Vietnam if there hadnt been presidential elections in that year. Another reason why I felt the timing of the withdraw was so significant was that a new super power had arisen onto the international stage. The US felt that if it pulled out of the Vietnam war it would be easier to make friends with China as they were next to Vietnam and wouldnt have liked that fact that the US were waging a war so close to them. Also China was a communist country and they were trying to prevent communism spreading in Vietnam, which wouldve made China weary of the US, as they obviously didnt like communism. This also raises the question what would have happened if China, a new super power, didnt arise at that time. Would this have left the US with less incentive to leave the war and withdraw from Vietnam in 1973?

Law in a Business Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law in a Business Context - Essay Example This was then followed by the Occupier's Liability Acts 1984, which set out the duty owed by occupiers towards those who enter their land without permission or unlicensed trespassers (Elliott & Quinn 2003, p.157). However, neither or the Acts provided a deification for the tern ‘occupier’, other than that it would be given the same meaning as under common law. An occupier under common law is a person who has some degree of control to exercise a sufficient degree of control to allow or prevent other people from entering, though they dun have to be a physical occupier not the owner of the premises. The Occupiers Liability Act imposes a â€Å"duty to take such care as in all the circumstances of the case is reasonable† upon the occupier of a property. With both Occupiers Liability Act’s in place, the Occupiers Law under the Law of Tort covered  injuries suffered by entrants while on the private  land of the  occupier. The introduction  of the 1995 Act that came into effect on 17th July 1995 radically altered the liability of the occupier in a way that more obligations were placed on the side of the occupier to ensure the safety of land users. â€Å"In the 20 years prior to this enactment, the common law was characterised by the courts’ benevolent attitude to persons who entered land without permission and subsequently suffered injury† (Burke & Corbett 2003, p. 95) In the  Supreme Court  case McNamara v.  Electricity Supply  Board (1975), an infant suffered serious injuries from trespassing onto one of the defendant’s sub-stations. The defendants were found liable for not showing the infant a duty to take reasonable care for his safety even though there was a benevolent attitude before this case towards trespassers. The decision of this case was the basis of  the creation  of the Occupiers  Liability Act  1995. Initially, under the traditional common law system, entrants upon a premises were di vided into four categories; that being contractual entrants, invitees, licensees and trespassers. Under the Occupier’s Liability Act 1995, three new categories were created, that being visitors, recreational users and trespassers. In cases where there is more than one occupier, such as a landlord and a tenant, real estate agent or in the case of shared spaces it is usual for liability to be shared but the liability of each party depends on the circumstances of the loss. An estate agency is considered the Occupier for the purposes of both the â€Å"Occupier’s Liability Act 1957† and â€Å"Occupier’s Liability Act 1984.† According to Canadian author Allen Linden, with regards to liability and the term 'occupier', states that "the status of occupier is not dependent on ownership of the premises, but rather is based on control over the premises. A person who has the immediate supervision and control of the premises and the power to admit and exclude th e entry of others is without doubt an occupier. Thus, a  tenant  in possession is an occupier. However, complete or exclusive control is not necessary. An auctioneer hired to conduct a sale on the vendor's premises may be considered an occupier of those premises. An independent contractor carrying out building or repair work may qualify as an occupier. Moreover, it has become apparent that in many circumstances there may be more than one occupier of premises." Therefore, an estate agent is also deemed to be an occupier because the estate

Ethnographic interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethnographic interview - Essay Example They gradually increased the tenure of engagement in these locations and the twentieth century saw the rise of long-term fieldwork with participant observation. According to Whyte, â€Å" When the researcher is living for an extended period in the community he is studying, his personal life is inextricably mixed with his research. A real explanation of how the research was one necessarily involves a rather personal account of how the researcher lived during the period of his study. This account of living in the community may help also to explain the process of analysis of the data†¦ the actual evolution of research ideas does not take place in accord with the formal statements we read on research methods. The ideas grow in part out of our immersion in the data and out of the whole process of living.† (1955, 279) While the above excerpt explains the process of ethnographic research, it also implies some underlying strengths as well as weaknesses of the process. The most evident and likely of all the risks is the idea of ‘going native’ and this would depend on the degree of involvement of the ethnographer with the surroundings. (Schutt, 2006 307) Ethnography helps in developing a user interface where the most important goal is to look at the system from the user’s viewpoint. This method helps in satisfying the needs of the end-user. Thus this method helps in a strong and effective assessment of the unspoken needs of the user. An ethnographer is supposed to accomplish all the tasks and understand all the relationships that integrate to form the job of the user. There is more scope and opportunity for an extensive research since it requires an unstructured form of data collection. The user can carry out his job and communicate even outside the official instructions  or job description. Sometimes when the real end user is not accessible, the ethnographer, owing to the high degree of understanding required in fieldwork, can act like the end-user