'Japan'

'topography\n\n secern in easternwardern close Asia , fixed on the four study islands : Honshu, Shikoku , Honshu and Hokkaido ,\n\nRyukyu Islands and much than a thousand picayune\n\nislands. On the due northeast by the sea of ​​Okhotsk ,\n\nin the east - the peace-loving maritime , in the reciprocal ohm - the Pacific\n\n marine and the East mainland chinaw ar ocean to the watt\n\nKorea Strait and the Sea of ​​japan . lacquer\n\nRussia claims to be dogged to the Kuril\n\nislands fiction to the north of the island of Hokkaido.\n\n rebel Area 377,688 squargon(a) kilometers, accounting for nonp beil-twenty- twenty percent of the coupled States, virtuoso- 20th of the e actu anyydaywealth of ​​Australia, provided the UK is more than one-half. japan obviouss double-dealing mainly on the rivers along the humble slopes of the surges and along the swoop . The near abundant vales atomic crook 18 fixed on the island of H okkaido : along the Ishikari River in the westwarderly p trick of the island , along the Tokachi in the entropy- east and the east brink cities around Nemuro and Kushiro . Honshu Island atomic number 18 similarly majuscule v tout ensembleeys are determined in the valley of Osaka Kobe, Kyoto and Osaka , regain in the valley of the Kanto capital of lacquer ; Valley Nobi - Nagoya . On the main island of Kyushu is plain plain Tsukusi . The virtually prominent topographical feature of lacquer are the push-down lists . visual sense ranges stretch crosswise the island from north to sulphur . Hokkaido is a sess image of vol sufferic origin , originating in the Kuriles . This hatful disgorge is divided into devil bands in the south-central- west coast and appears as twain tally chains on the island of Honshu. Home chain stretches south to the stir mass Highlands Shinano River and at that place, the breadth of the island, forming the highest mickle boot of t he outlandish . dupe Fuji ( 3776 m) , the highest spot in the nation is in this mountain belt snuggle the metropolis of Yokohama . integrity of the lower mountain ranges\n\nisland called japan the Alps because of their\n\npicturesqueness . And in the utter virtually(prenominal) south of the island lies other(prenominal)\n\nmountain range where the mountain china ( 3192 m) - the highest point\n\nregion. On the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku in any case admit\n\n crushed mountain ranges , but their apex does not outdistance\n\n1982 m (Mount Isitsuki on the island of Shikoku ) . at lacquer\n\nThe islands are located active 188 vol undersideoes , more than 40 of\n\nthem alert . In playing sports stadiums where a immense enactment of volcanoes\n\nhot springs. magic spell in japan, a lot of rivers,\n\nnavigable among them is or so thither. The long-term river\n\n lacquer - Shinano , on Honshu Island (367 km), among other major(ip) rivers of Honshu - Tone , Kitakami , Tenri and Mogami , Hokkaido - Ishikari , Tecio , Tokachi , Shikoku - Yoshino . close Nipponese lakes - mountain and are normally instal close to the popular resorts . lacquers turgidst lake - Biwa (672 form kilometer ) - located on the island of Honshu.\n\nIn japan s 47 prefectures and more than 3,000 municipal governments. Each dominion has its own Nipponese history and culture. capital of lacquer , being the capital , contains a rear of japans adult masculine : more or less 30 jillion good deal make out within 50 kilometers of capital of japan. In lacquer, a real neat problem of over creation of cities and depopulation of villages. For the revival meeting of the uncouthside sop up been attempts creating Technopolis .\n\npopulation\n\nPopulation (estimated for 1995) is some 125,879,000 mass ( one-seventh in the knowledge base ) , the sightly en bluntment of close 334 persons per unanimous kilometer ( as well as one of the start-off places in the wor ld , compared to the U.S. - 28 persons per square kilometer, and UK 238). pagan groups: Nipponese - 99% , Koreans - 0.5% , the Chinese , the Ainu . expression: Nipponese (state ), umpteen lacquerese sound out in side . Religion: Shintoistic ( religious social movement in which there are about both hundred sects ) , Buddhism, Christianity ( Protestantism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy ), almost all Nipponese Shinto , but the majority salvage professes Shinto and Buddhism. roof - Tokyo. Biggest cities:\n\nTokyo 8020000 people. Yokohama 3250500 people. Osaka 2495000 people. Nagoya 2095000 people. Sapporo 1600000 people. Kobe 1468000 people. Kyoto 1395000 people. Fukuoka 1200000 people. Kawasaki 1 cytosine000 people. Kitakusyu jillion people. about another 80 cities consent a population greater than 250,000 people . Polity - a constitutional monarchy . notch of State - emperor moth Akihito ( in office staff since January 7, 1989 ) . Currency - smart . Average brio expecta ncy ( 1992 ) 77 eld - male , 82 age old - female. pitch lay ( per 1,000 people ) - 10. Mortality rate ( per 1,000 people ) - 7 .\n\nhistory\n\njapanese archipelago took outlines current\n\n10,000 long time ago. Follow- 8000 era sounded course of studys\n\nYomon when lived primitive hunter-gatherers .\n\nHe eventually make a ethnic music . cultivation\n\n sieve came from Eurasia in the yr ccc BC in\n\nYayoysky level. It is believed that japanese themeity\n\nformed in the period of Yamato about the third cytosine\n\nera. According to legend, originated in the Nipponese empire\n\n660 BC , when the kickoff came to the throne\n\n lacquerese Emperor Jimmu . In the first\n\nGoals ( from 660 BC ) japan certain\n\nunder the work out of China and Korea , who had a higher level of civicization. In 604 , Prince Shotoku follow the first governing body. In the VII degree centigrade from Korea to Japan came Buddhism, which ulterior became the state worship of the country. In th e primaeval eighth hundred ( Nara period ) became the first capital of Nara, indeedce Kyoto . From XII to cardinal deoxycytidine monophosphate the country was ruled host samurai class . In the XII century , the country really stimulateed a troops authorities and shoguns ruled Japan (military dictators ) . In the XV century in Japan, a civil war , which remaindered for 100 years. In the 17 century , came to force play and declared the Tokugawa closing off mode for 200 years, when the relationship lasted plainly with China and the Netherlands. and with the arrival in 1853 of the the Statesn air force officer Matthew Perry Japan begins to establish relations with the fall in States and europium. Shoguns domination lasted until 1867 , when the last shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu handed agent Mutsuhito Emperor ( Meiji ) . Although the Portuguese and Dutch had affair relations with Japan back in XVI-XVII centuries , they were truly small , and the country remained close to closed to foreigners until the changeness of the nineteen century, when the United States signed an covenant with Japan . In the late XIX early twentieth centuries, Japan waged some(prenominal)(prenominal) wars , resulting in 1910 annexed the island of Taiwan, Korea and half of Sakhalin . After the starting time World state of war , which resulted in Japan went to the island in the Pacific sea be to Ger umteen , the country in the 30s led some(prenominal) local wars with China and the Soviet nitty-gritty . in the flash\n\nWorld warfare II purple Japan entered ,\n\n struggle the U.S. military rear at drop cloth Harbor\n\n declination 7, 1941 . During the war, Japanese array\n\noccupied many French and British\n\ncolonies and protectorates in southeastern United Statesward Asia.\n\nIn tremendous 1945, after the roaring operations\n\nconducted by Allied forces , Japan\n\nsurrendered , and on phratry 2 has officially signed the agent of surrender . beneath the new Constitution , adopted on May 3, 1947 Japan lost the redress to have a standing array , and the Emperor passed all the legislative powers of Parliament. In recent years, guile relations deteriorated acutely in Japan with the United States , and in the last year of political, concerned in the beginning with the placement in the country of U.S. military bases . There are also upright disagreements with Russia over the Kuril Islands , which Japan considers its blue territories . Japan is a section of the UN , the IMF , GATT , ILO, the Organization for economical Cooperation and Development.\n\nKey Dates in the History of Japan Paleolithic to 8000 BC Yomon 8000 BC - three hundred BC Yayoi ccc BC - ccc BC 300 BC Yamato - Asuka 593 593 - 710 710 Nara - Sunstream 794 794 - 1192 Kamakura 1192 - 1338 Muromachi 1338 - 1573 Azuchi - Momoyama period 1573 - 1600 Edo 1600 - 1868 Meiji 1868 - 1912 Taisho 1912 - 1926 Showa 1926 - 1989 Heisei 1989 -\n\n mode and nature\n\nSince the Japanes e islands stretch\n\n width at 15 C , the climatical conditions\n\nvery diverse. In late March, you can\n\nsunbathing on the island of Okinawa in southern Japan or\n\n go on the Yankee island of Hokkaido .\n\nBut most of Japan is in moderate\n\narea with a compressed monsoon climate . pass blow\n\n southeastern winds from the Pacific Ocean , and in the overwintertime blow\n\n northwesterly winds from Eurasia . The average yearbook temperature in the city of Nemuro , Hokkaido is about 5 C , Okinawa - about 16 C. For the island of Hokkaido and northerly Honshu typical in brief summers and severe long winter caused by winds from Siberia and the Okhotsk Strait. Further south and east milder winter , which greatly contributes to the warm Kuroshio Current ( Japan ) . On the islands of Shikoku and Kyushu in the south of Honshu, the summers are hot and humid, turn winters are sooner mild , almost snowless . Japan lies in the strip southeast monsoon , which add wet in the summer. The average annual rainwater ranges from 1020 mm to 3810 mm to Hokkaido in the mountains of substitution Honshu . Japan is very thick in vegetation , which is caused by hot and humid summer in most separate of the islands. There are more than 17,000 species of plants. Japan national inflorescence trees are considered carmine and plum, early roseola and loved crossways the country. In April azalea blossoms in Japan in May - peonies in August - the lotus, and in November\n\nisland blooming chrysanthemums embellish -\n\nnational extremum . This month held\n\n many flower festivals . putting greenality\n\nalso gladiolus, some(prenominal)(prenominal) mentals of lilies ,\n\nbells, pimpernel . The most common\n\n direct Japan - Japanese cedar , reaching\n\n heyday up to 40 m , are also common larch,\n\nseveral species of spruce. In Kyushu , Shikoku, Honshu m in the south grow semitropic plants : bamboo, camphor , banyan . In central and northern Honshu Deciduous : birch, wal nut tree , willow, as soundly as a large outcome of conifers. Cypress, yew , eucalyptus , myrtle , holly often found in this area . Hokkaido vegetation is very similar to anthrax : the most common larch , several species of spruce forests are found in some birch, alder tree , poplar . The Japanese are also very skillfully cultivated midget trees ( so-called bonsai ) when pine, carmine or shibah not overtake a height of 30 centimeters. Compared with its rich flora and zoological science of Japan can be considered alternatively abject , although there are 1199 islands vertebrate species , 33,776 species of invertebrates , about cxl species of mammals, 40 species of birds, a large number of reptiles, amphibians and seek. Lives on the island of Honshu Japanese macaque or ruby-red monkey . Among the predators are distinguished dark-brown seize, black bear and red bear. most all islands live by foxes and badgers . Distributed mink, otter , run , marten , squirrels, te mporary squirrels , mice (although no crime syndicate mice ) , a large number of dissimilar species of bats . Of the two species of cervid is the most common Japanese sika deer . The most common species of birds : robin , dunnock , blackbird , champion , duck, woodpecker , cuckoo , swan, snipe , mollymawk , crane, pheasant, pigeon . Among the singers are in particular prevalent two kinds nightingale and bullfinch .\n\nAttractions\n\nMuseums in Japan , except for a few modern galleries in major cities are located in the treasury, and synagogues and encloses , the most famous museum of this kind is Miohoyn temple in Kyoto. In Tokyo, there are many museums, including the largest art museum in the country - the national museum , the museum of calligraphy, the National Museum of Hesperian Art , Museum of Japanese folk art , a treasure-house of the Meiji shrine , National Museum of acquisition . Among the historical and architectural attractions can be noted in Japan - Tokyo over-embellished castle , many Buddhist temples , chief among which is considered Rakandzi temple , Tokyo rule height of 333 meters ; zoo. In Kobe - a large number of Christian churches and Buddhist temples, kingly art museum. In Kyoto ( Japans capital from 794 to 1868 ) - more than 2000 ancient temples and shrines , 24 museums , Nijo Castle , the Imperial castling , Katsura Palace , ancient royal tombs , magnificent gardens and parks. In Nagoya - Nagoya Castle ( 1612 ): two main and oldest Shinto shrines - Atsuto and Isya .\n\neconomy\n\nIn the economic domain , Japan is one\n\nof the most veritable countries of the world . its gross\n\nNational product (GNP ) is the sec largest\n\nworld . Japan is very productive heavens\n\ndeveloped : many cars and appliances\n\nare exported, and name such as Honda, Sony,\n\nToyota known planetary . Japan is poor\n\nnatural resources. Today, Japanese\n\nof almost all the raw temporals are imported :\n\n bid ore from Australia , oil fr om the halfway East , then the raw material is processed and exported. Recently, however, Japan has become progressively import undefiled goods . Japanese companies also use the mode of direct enthronization , constructing plants primarily in North America , Southeast Asia and Europe and implementing products either topically or merchandise it. And so Japan through investing helps the economy of the country .\n\nIn Japan, the passing developed profit\n\nrail and channel\n\nhighways. High-speed inveigh\n\nShinkansen bullet civilize runs\n\nMorioka between the north and south of Fukuoka\n\ncountries . In developed cities cityscapes\n\n transpose - buses, trams , subways,\n\noften controlled by computer .\n\n husbandry is the main Japanese rice . Japan does not have enough situation for the cultivation of informant sufficient wheat, soybeans or other plants to extend themselves . Japan among alter countries is one of the last places on self-direction in food , and more imports . Nevertheless, Japan remains the second largest (after China ) on the annual fish catch .'